BHS 499 (Senior Capstone Project) Module 3 SLP Essay

BHS 499 (Senior Capstone Project) Module 3 SLP - Essay Example One significant ramifications of medicinal services misrepresentation and misuse is the money related misfortune because of e ill-advised exercises which imperil quiet wellbeing. The United States Attorneys' workplaces (USAOs) are considered liable for the common and criminal arraignment of social insurance suppliers, experts, and other specific business organizations who draw in with human services extortion and misuse. The US government has appropriated certain sum (DOJ, 2000) from the United States Treasury general reserve and they thusly should fitting the Account for move some to the administrative Bureau of Investigation so as to do the reason and procedures as portrayed in above proclamations. Another ramifications is the escalation of human services misrepresentation requirement. This can never be accomplished without the participation of different partners. Indeed, the FBI is one association engaged with the said helpful exertion. Government offices needs to team up with social insurance extortion working gatherings, have a contact program among associations and go to trainings just as meetings. New legal apparatuses are accepted to help advertisement be given so as to battle human services misrepresentation. Despite the fact that Around $451,000 was planned to HCFA ($395,500) just as the ASMB or Assistant Secretary for Management and Budget toward the finish of 2000 for the proper hazard the executives activities.

7 Tips for Writing an Email Message

7 Tips for Writing an Email Message 7 Tips for Writing an Email Message 7 Tips for Writing an Email Message By Mark Nichol What’s so troublesome about composing an email? Nothing. That’s the issue: It’s excessively simple, and you should take care that an expert message is only that particularly on the off chance that you use email fundamentally for social association and are not used to sending business messages. Here are a few rules for systematic electronic correspondence. 1. In the event that you compose proficient messages from a postage information as opposed to an organization account, utilize an expert looking location. Don’t dump your idiosyncratic or indecent record name, however obtain a progressively steady one, comprising basically of your name as well as a depiction of your expert administrations, for business correspondences. Additionally, abstain from utilizing livelinesss, confused text styles, and occupied foundations in your messages. 2. Utilize the message header to urge beneficiaries to peruse your message, expressing the motivation behind the message unmistakably and compactly. 3. Utilize a proper greeting except if you’re good friends with the beneficiary for instance, â€Å"Mr. Smith† or â€Å"Dear Ms. Jones,† followed by a colon. On the off chance that you don’t know the recipient’s name and can’t acquire it by reaching the recipient’s organization, compose â€Å"Dear Sir or Madam.† (Double-check now that you’ve entered the recipient’s right email address and have not unintentionally incorporated some other locations.) 4. Present yourself and the motivation behind your message in the main section. Utilize short passages isolated by line spaces to obviously and compactly impart efficient data. Don’t mess your message with definite expressions of remorse (however you ought to positively start with a concise conciliatory sentiment on the off chance that your message is late, and afterward arrive at the point) or with deviations. 5. Finish up with a synopsis and, in the event that you have any solicitations, an affable and succinct clarification of activities you might want the beneficiary to perform. In the event that you are not mentioning a reaction, essentially educate or remind the beneficiary that your administrations are accessible, or notice something comparable that is suitable to the specific situation. 6. Close down with â€Å"Sincerely,† â€Å"Respectfully,† or something like that and your complete name, trailed by your activity title and friends name, just as your company’s site and other internet based life contact data, or your own on the off chance that you are independently employed or are reaching the beneficiary as an individual, not as an agent of an organization. 7. Utilize your email program’s spell-checking apparatus, edit your message, and read it resoundingly in a different pass. On the off chance that you utilized any language that probably won't be seen as expert, spare the message without sending it and audit it later, when you can be increasingly objective about whether it is proper. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Business Writing class, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:Based in and based out ofDoes Mr Take a Period?Grammatical Case in English

CP15 Podcast with Bjork Ostrom from Pinch of Yum about Food Blogging

CP15 Podcast with Bjork Ostrom from Pinch of Yum about Food Blogging INTRODUCTIONMartin: Hi folks! Today we have a very interesting speaker joining our podcast. You will learn lots about food, food blogging, and building a business around this topic. Hi Bjork! Who are you and what do you do?Bjork: Yeah, thanks so much for having me in the podcast. So, starting from the very basic, my name is Bjork Ostrom and my wife, Lindsey, and I live in Saint Paul, Minnesota. And we’re still trying to figure out that idea of explaining what we do. I was just out at a bar with some friends the other day and they introduced me to somebody they knew and he said: “What are you doing?”,  I said “We’re still trying to figure out how to explain this but at a very high level â€" what we do is we run a food blog.So, for people that aren’t familiar with what that would be: essentially, it is a blog, so we run on WordPress. It’s built entirely around food and recipes. And the interesting thing with it though is its food recipes and then a hint of lifestyle or p ersonality. So, in terms of the content itself on the blog; that’s all done or 95% of it is done by my wife, Lindsey. So she does the photography, recipe development, she does all of the writing and I handle a lot of the backend stuff so; advertising, some of the server stuff, and all of the not-so-fun behind the scenes things. Fun for me, but for a lot of people, it’s not fun.So that’s Pinch Of Yum, and then we also have a membership site that we run for people that are in the food space that are interested in building a food related website that they would want to either build a following around or potentially create an income from that’s called Food Blogger Pro.Martin: Great, so just for simplification, Lindsey would drive the traffic and you would monetize it.Bjork: Yes, yep, at a very high and simple level.Martin: Great. When did you start this and why did you start this type of blog?Bjork: Sure, so the interesting with us building these businesses is that when we start ed, our intent wasn’t to build a business. So Lindsey first started Pinch of Yum because we had just recently been married and she said “Hey, you know, I want to figure out how I can share recipes that I’m creating every night”. So what she did is she started posting on social media, Facebook, and sharing with friends and at some point, she said: “It doesn’t make sense for me that I was posting these on social media, it’s probably not what my friends want to hear.” So we said: “You should start a blog or kind of a holding tank or an online recipe box for you to put these recipes.”So she started to do that, and I’ve always been interested in, kind of, the IT side of things. My background isn’t in that, I worked at a non-profit at the time and Lindsey was a teacher, so these aren’t things that we went to school for or formally trained in, but I’ve always been interested in it. So when Lindsey started to do that, I said, “Hey, do you mind if I come alongsi de and experiment with some things in the background?”So, probably a year and a half after she had been working on and off on the blog â€" it had gotten to a point where it was more than just her mom checking in. There would be a few hundred people, every once in a while, a thousand people that would come and read in and we said “I wonder if we can transition this into something that would create an income?” And I don’t think at that point we were even thinking business, we were just thinking like: “What would it be like if we could pay our mortgage payment just through the blog?” and that was like this incredible idea that we could potentially create an income from it.So, it wasn’t something, by any means, that we had started off with the intent to build a business. It was very much so a hobby that Lindsey was interested in, that she started to experience some success with and we said, “Hey, if doors are opening, let’s walk through this and see what we could do wi th it.”Martin: Cool stuff, Bjork! Today, you have around three to four million monthly unique visitors. How long did it take you in this type of four-year-journey to get to like, the first ten thousand or one hundred thousand unique monthly visitors?Bjork: Yes, I think that’s one thing that people are usually glad to hear is that: it takes a long time. When you’re first starting out â€" for a content-based business, which is what Pinch of Yum is, it’s not an e-commerce store or anything like that So the way we create an income and the way we create revenue is by the traffic that comes â€" which it would still be true in any e-commerce business but it’s not like we’d be able to pay for that traffic. So we have to be really intentional about what that looks like.And for people that are interested in building a content based business, maybe it’s a fashion blog, or a food blog, I think that I could be kind of a bummer when you’re starting because nobody really cares or l istens or is following along and it takes a long time to build that up.So, for us from the very start, that first year in terms of monthly traffic would probably be in the one thousand to maybe ten thousand range at the end of the first year. And it wasn’t until two years in that Lindsey started to consistently get a hundred thousand plus visitors to the blog. So that’s 2 years of working really hard, consistently publishing content, and not necessarily get a ton of interaction and people engaging with that content.So, it takes a really long time and its slow and steady right? So it’s not something that you can expect to have right out of the gate.Martin: Cool. And what type of monetization options did you think about back then, like after you’ve been two years since the game and what monetization option did you choose first?Bjork: Yes, the first thing that we got into was the easiest thing and that was advertising, so traditional display advertising, people that are listeni ng would notice this as banner ads. And the reason was because it was so easy to get that implemented. You just take a little script and you put it on your site and then you automatically start creating revenue based off on those ad impressions.The disadvantage with that is you need a lot of traffic and in general you need a decent amount of ads in order to create an income just strictly from traditional advertising and also one of the things that is interesting is that the food space isn’t necessarily the most lucrative space for advertising.The example I would give is: Let’s say you’re in the insurance space and you have a really popular blog about insurance, you’re going to be able to create a lot of income from that because the value of a lead or a customer for insurance is a lot higher than the value that maybe somebody would have if you came inâ€"they were looking for something to make for dinner that night or certain salsa to buy or something like that. So, the first place we went was advertising but it’s good for people to know that while it’s easy, it’s not necessarily the best long term.Martin: Good. Which option did you go by then? Did you then start creating the first digital products?Bjork: Yes, so, kind of hand-in-hand at that point after we started with advertising, we started to look at affiliate marketing and we started to look at having our own products. And affiliate marketing is interesting because while there are some options in the food space, they’re not necessarily super high paying options.So we tried to be intentional about thinking: “What are the different ways that we can use affiliate marketing?” So, actually, one of the ways that we do it on the food blog is we talk about blogging and we recommend certain blogging-related products so it could be hosting, it could be a themeâ€" like a WordPress theme that people could use.So, we started to do that type of affiliate marketing so more online-based products, but th en we also started to integrate little by little Amazon Affiliate advertising. There’s a stretch for a while where we couldn’t be an Amazon associate because of the Nexus law which is a whole site arbitrary  â€" that’s been cleared and we’re able to do that as well.So, affiliate marketing and then creating your own products and we weren’t in anything revolutionary. What we did is we noticed that a lot of people were coming to Lindsey and saying: “I want to take better pictures of my food”. It’s kind of, this universal thing whether you pull her out with friends and posting in Instagram or have their own website that they want to post food photos, we want them to look good, right? We’ve all seen those pictures that are really bad color. And it could be the world’s most incredible sandwich but it’s such a bad picture that you’d never want to eat it. I think people understand that.So, we had a lot of people coming to us and saying: “How do I take better food p hotos?”. So the first product that Lindsey ever did, it’s still available on the site actually, is an e-book all around how to take better food photos.Martin: It seems to me that most of your products are related to some kind of educational product. So, when you’re thinking about how to take better pictures or how do I set up my own food blog and grow it in terms of traffic and monetization. The other route would be going to this e-commerce route so really having your own food related products like, I don’t know, fish oil or whatsoever on your shelf and then sell this on a gross margin via your website or via other channels. Why aren’t you going that route? Or it seems, currently, you are not going that route?Bjork: Yes, that’s a great question. I think the number one reason is just ease of implementation. For us, it’s a lot easier to implement the type of products that we have â€" whether food photography or blogging related products than it would be to, let’s say , create a kitchen utensil that we would sell.I think the other reality is the complexity and the competition that’s involved with the straight consumer product is a lot different than in informational or educational solution in that. I think, when people are purchasing an educational product; they’re also purchasing their understanding of who the brand is or who the individual is. So in the case of the food photography eBook, people know that Lindsey has done a really good job with food photography so it makes sense for them to purchase this food photography   eBook, whereas, if it was, let’s say, you know, a cutting board, I think that people will be a little more intentional about comparing and contrasting and looking for other sources and so the competition is just a little bit different.And then the third piece is just the reality that: with the blogging space and building the business online, that’s the one that I just really, really enjoy. And so it’s a really nice complement for Lindsey to work in her area of passion and interest, and then for me to focus on my area of passion and interest and those overlap really well in that we’re each able to serve in this kind of small weird niche of food blogging and food recipes that we’re each able to do what we enjoy working on while still within this niche, even though those are very different things. Like I’m a terrible chef and Lindsey’s incredible and Lindsey hates the idea of like, spending an afternoon on Google Analytics but I love that. So, part of the reason is because it complements our skills and interests really well. I think if I hated all of that stuff, we wouldn’t have informational products around maybe blogging or social media or monetization things like that but I’m super fascinated by that so it makes sense for us to build that out as our focus area.Martin: Cool. Bjork, when you’re thinking about other food bloggers or bloggers in general, some of them acquire like may be ten thousand, one hundred thousand, two hundred thousand monthly uniques after some time but still the thing, one of the major problems that I’ve seen with lots of them are that they aren’t able to build up high converting sales funnels. So, what are you doing in terms building lead magnets, collecting email addresses and then pushing them towards your products in order to monetize them?Bjork: Yes, we could be doing a lot better job at this but I think we’re probably at the top 5% of people in our space. And I think one of the reasons why is because people in the food/recipe content space primarily think about their thing, their product as the post that they publish, which I think in a lot of ways make a lot of sense, right? So it’s the thing that you’re putting out to the world, people come to that, they consume that content and you make money maybe from affiliate marketing, maybe your own product like a cookbook or advertising. But I think there’s a lot of room for improvement for people to be building and intentionally marketing to a certain funnel.A few of the ways that we’re doing that, one of the ways is: we’re using Active Campaign for email marketing. So we’re tracking when somebody signs up to be a part of the email list and maybe that would be optin like the top recipes from the past year or maybe it would be certain â€" a single recipe that they want a PDF of, we can have the option for people to sign up for that. But after they do that sign up, we track and see: “Are people going to pages that have to do with photography and blogging?” And if they do, we tag these people. It’s not an automated funnel, but what we’ll do is occasionally we’ll have some type of sale or bonus or incentive around one of our products and we know that we’re going to be sending a targeted email to those people because of their previous website activity on the blog.I mean, that’s been a really huge win for us. 2016 is really, for us, think ing about how can we do a better job of treating this as a business as opposed to or in addition to putting out content on a consistent basis. How do we take the interactions that we have and really be as intentional as possible in developing those versus just trying to get more and more traffic. So, does that answers your question or can clarify it all about that?Martin: Totally. What type of tools are you currently using or are you looking at when you’re thinking about optimizing your food blog in 2016?Bjork: Sure. Yes, Active Campaign is the big one. So that’s the email service that we use and that’s been a really important implementation for us before we’re in AWeber, MailChimp and we had FeedBurner a long time ago so we had all these different components, we’ve put all those together right now in Active Campaign. So that’s a big one for us.We’re starting to experiment a little bit with SumoMe or optins and haven’t done anything super extensive with that yet, jus t kind of in the early stages with that.And one of the tools that I love to use that I don’t get to as much as I can but I’ve really enjoyed is A/B Testing within Google Analytics. So we’ve run some A/B Tests on our important pages like our food photography page, the home page for Food Blogger Pro, the membership website we did an A/B Test on that was really successful so that’s another one that I enjoyed doing when I have time to get into it.Martin: Cool. And why are you choosing Active Campaign when there are others out there like ConvertKit, MailChimp and so on?Bjork: The one thing I liked about Active Campaign was the ability to tag based on website behavior. To be honest I can’t speak to the other providers, if that’s possible or not. I know where I think with Infusionsoft, it’s possible, I don’t know if it’s possible with ConvertKit, but the idea being that it doesn’t have to be based on like a link click in order to tag somebody, it could be purely based o n website behavior so similar to Google Analytics, Active Campaign can track along with that. Do you know if Convert Kit, the other tools offer that?Martin: Im not aware of that. So I also have the same understanding that with ConvertKit, it’s more like on which lead magnet that somebody downloades.Bjork: Yes, exactly. So, it’ll be like a download that they do or the link that they click with the email and that’s what segments people. One of the things I like about Active Campaign is that you can segment based on a page that’s visited. So for us, we have all of our friends’ food photography pages tagged and the reason that’s so important for us is because those are very different markets â€" somebody gets interested in food photography versus somebody that’s interested in like vegetarian recipes. We don’t want to send an email to people that are interested in vegetarian recipes about food photography, there’s a lot of dissonance with them in that and it will increa se unsubscribes and things like that. So that’s one of the things that we really like with Active Campaign.But to be honest, a huge part of it for us was like, picking something and moving forward. I think one of the things that people do constantly run into is this analysis-paralysis issue where they always feel like they should either be using a service so they’re bouncing around or they compare and contrast for months and months and months when it would’ve been more valuable to pick something and move forward on it.So the big part of it for us was saying: “This looks like it has the things we need and let’s go ahead and move forward on it.”ADVICE TO OTHER BLOGGERS FROM BJORK OSTROMMartin: Great, yeah, cool. One thing I would like to hear from your side is if you’re having this person blogging about this specific topic, what type of mistakes do you often see them doing?Bjork: I think that people spend or place so much of an emphasis on quantity of content over qualit y of content. And I think it’s a balance, it has to be both. The analogy I like to give is this idea of a band, and for a lot of bands, we know them because of two or three songs that they’ve written. And they’ve been really incredible songs and that’s why we know that band because it’s kind of their one hit wonders. And I think that that could be really true for a lot of different blogs in content based businesses.They’ll have a handful of posts maybe 20-30% of the posts that bring in, let’s say 70-80% of the traffic. And the reason that is, is because those posts are really, really high quality posts that are really helpful for people and the thing is, those take a really long time to create. But the, kind of, catch that you get with it is that much like a band, in order to get those one hit wonders, you have to write a lot of quality content, if you’re in the space of writing, right, there’s a lot of types of different content, you can do a podcast, videos, thin gs like that but just using writing because it’s the easiest.So, I think the biggest mistake that I see happening is people pushing out content because they’re able to check the post box, like: “I publish a post, check”. But the reality is that it’s probably better to publish one really good post than two decent posts even if it feels like you’re doing more work. I see that happening a lot: People placing a really high value on quantity over quality.Martin: Cool. When I’m analyzing your traffic, so where are the users coming from, from which type of channels, I see two major channels popping up so one is SEO and the other one is Pinterest. I would’ve assumed that something like picture sharing is quite a big part of the traffic, like Pinterest. What are you doing in order to attract this traffic from Pinterest?Bjork: Yes, so, one of the advantages that we’ve had was just starting early, so that’s a big part of it isâ€" so Lindsey was blogging and you know publish ing recipes and photos around the same when Pinterest really started picking up speed. So part of it is right place, right time.The other part of it is taking really high quality food photos and that’s why you know, go back to an earlier conversation that we’ve had about that earlier topic about food photography it’s such an important piece of this next development of the web like video and photos were so visually oriented that if you’re able to create compelling images or if you’re able to create compelling videos, that’s really going to do a lot to drive interest in your content and traffic to your site.So, as simple as it is, a huge part of it is taking creative and compelling photos and that’s one of the things that Lindsey’s really good at and she’s really intentional with. She’s intentionally slow with that process of making sure she gets the right photo so that’s a really big piece of it which is, it’d be kind of obvious but I think it’s important t o point out.VISION OF PINCH OF YUMMartin: Good. Do you have a vision for Pinch of Yum?Bjork: Yes, so, I think the long term vision for Pinch of Yum is to keep it as a personal site that is attached to Lindsey and for us that’s a really intentional decision because we know that a lot of people would view building a business as something that you build up and eventually at some point you look at it and say: “It makes sense for us to have this be acquired by XYZ.” And in order to do that, you have to remove a lot of your personality from it but we know that Pinch of Yum for us isn’t that. Lindsey wants it to be central to who she is, her personality, she likes being the sole author or primary author at least for the blog so that’s a really big part of it is to continuing to stay personality-driven as opposed to just food and recipe-driven.That being said, knowing that Pinch of Yum has a following, we’re able to use it to launch other things off of. So, for instance we have a project that we’re working on right now called the PlateView and depending on the people currently listening to this, they can see a prelaunch at plateview.com and PlateView is a recipe video application and it’ll be a website eventually. And one of the unfair advantage that we have on working on this platform is that: we have Pinch of Yum with a really big following so Pinch of Yum can stay user-centric but we can use that to help build other assets or businesses off of it.So, long term vision is to really not change that much and to continue to have us and Lindsey be a big part of the blog while at the same time expanding outward and saying: “What are the things that we can build off of Pinch of Yum that maybe don’t require us to be the sole content creators but allow us to leverage what Pinch of Yum has built over the years.”Martin: Totally. Great. Thanks for your time Bjork, I wish you all the best.Bjork: Yeah, thanks so much for having me on.THANKS FOR LISTENING! Welcome to the 15th episode of our podcast!You can download the podcast to your computer or listen to it here on the blog. Click here to subscribe in iTunes. INTRODUCTIONMartin: Hi folks! Today we have a very interesting speaker joining our podcast. You will learn lots about food, food blogging, and building a business around this topic. Hi Bjork! Who are you and what do you do?Bjork: Yeah, thanks so much for having me in the podcast. So, starting from the very basic, my name is Bjork Ostrom and my wife, Lindsey, and I live in Saint Paul, Minnesota. And we’re still trying to figure out that idea of explaining what we do. I was just out at a bar with some friends the other day and they introduced me to somebody they knew and he said: “What are you doing?”,  I said “We’re still trying to figure out how to explain this but at a very high level â€" what we do is we run a food blog.So, for people that aren’t familiar with what that would be: essentially, it is a blog, so we run on WordPress. It’s built entirely around food and recipes. And the interesting thing with it though is its food recipes and then a hint of lifestyle or p ersonality. So, in terms of the content itself on the blog; that’s all done or 95% of it is done by my wife, Lindsey. So she does the photography, recipe development, she does all of the writing and I handle a lot of the backend stuff so; advertising, some of the server stuff, and all of the not-so-fun behind the scenes things. Fun for me, but for a lot of people, it’s not fun.So that’s Pinch Of Yum, and then we also have a membership site that we run for people that are in the food space that are interested in building a food related website that they would want to either build a following around or potentially create an income from that’s called Food Blogger Pro.Martin: Great, so just for simplification, Lindsey would drive the traffic and you would monetize it.Bjork: Yes, yep, at a very high and simple level.Martin: Great. When did you start this and why did you start this type of blog?Bjork: Sure, so the interesting with us building these businesses is that when we start ed, our intent wasn’t to build a business. So Lindsey first started Pinch of Yum because we had just recently been married and she said “Hey, you know, I want to figure out how I can share recipes that I’m creating every night”. So what she did is she started posting on social media, Facebook, and sharing with friends and at some point, she said: “It doesn’t make sense for me that I was posting these on social media, it’s probably not what my friends want to hear.” So we said: “You should start a blog or kind of a holding tank or an online recipe box for you to put these recipes.”So she started to do that, and I’ve always been interested in, kind of, the IT side of things. My background isn’t in that, I worked at a non-profit at the time and Lindsey was a teacher, so these aren’t things that we went to school for or formally trained in, but I’ve always been interested in it. So when Lindsey started to do that, I said, “Hey, do you mind if I come alongsi de and experiment with some things in the background?”So, probably a year and a half after she had been working on and off on the blog â€" it had gotten to a point where it was more than just her mom checking in. There would be a few hundred people, every once in a while, a thousand people that would come and read in and we said “I wonder if we can transition this into something that would create an income?” And I don’t think at that point we were even thinking business, we were just thinking like: “What would it be like if we could pay our mortgage payment just through the blog?” and that was like this incredible idea that we could potentially create an income from it.So, it wasn’t something, by any means, that we had started off with the intent to build a business. It was very much so a hobby that Lindsey was interested in, that she started to experience some success with and we said, “Hey, if doors are opening, let’s walk through this and see what we could do wi th it.”Martin: Cool stuff, Bjork! Today, you have around three to four million monthly unique visitors. How long did it take you in this type of four-year-journey to get to like, the first ten thousand or one hundred thousand unique monthly visitors?Bjork: Yes, I think that’s one thing that people are usually glad to hear is that: it takes a long time. When you’re first starting out â€" for a content-based business, which is what Pinch of Yum is, it’s not an e-commerce store or anything like that So the way we create an income and the way we create revenue is by the traffic that comes â€" which it would still be true in any e-commerce business but it’s not like we’d be able to pay for that traffic. So we have to be really intentional about what that looks like.And for people that are interested in building a content based business, maybe it’s a fashion blog, or a food blog, I think that I could be kind of a bummer when you’re starting because nobody really cares or l istens or is following along and it takes a long time to build that up.So, for us from the very start, that first year in terms of monthly traffic would probably be in the one thousand to maybe ten thousand range at the end of the first year. And it wasn’t until two years in that Lindsey started to consistently get a hundred thousand plus visitors to the blog. So that’s 2 years of working really hard, consistently publishing content, and not necessarily get a ton of interaction and people engaging with that content.So, it takes a really long time and its slow and steady right? So it’s not something that you can expect to have right out of the gate.Martin: Cool. And what type of monetization options did you think about back then, like after you’ve been two years since the game and what monetization option did you choose first?Bjork: Yes, the first thing that we got into was the easiest thing and that was advertising, so traditional display advertising, people that are listeni ng would notice this as banner ads. And the reason was because it was so easy to get that implemented. You just take a little script and you put it on your site and then you automatically start creating revenue based off on those ad impressions.The disadvantage with that is you need a lot of traffic and in general you need a decent amount of ads in order to create an income just strictly from traditional advertising and also one of the things that is interesting is that the food space isn’t necessarily the most lucrative space for advertising.The example I would give is: Let’s say you’re in the insurance space and you have a really popular blog about insurance, you’re going to be able to create a lot of income from that because the value of a lead or a customer for insurance is a lot higher than the value that maybe somebody would have if you came inâ€"they were looking for something to make for dinner that night or certain salsa to buy or something like that. So, the first place we went was advertising but it’s good for people to know that while it’s easy, it’s not necessarily the best long term.Martin: Good. Which option did you go by then? Did you then start creating the first digital products?Bjork: Yes, so, kind of hand-in-hand at that point after we started with advertising, we started to look at affiliate marketing and we started to look at having our own products. And affiliate marketing is interesting because while there are some options in the food space, they’re not necessarily super high paying options.So we tried to be intentional about thinking: “What are the different ways that we can use affiliate marketing?” So, actually, one of the ways that we do it on the food blog is we talk about blogging and we recommend certain blogging-related products so it could be hosting, it could be a themeâ€" like a WordPress theme that people could use.So, we started to do that type of affiliate marketing so more online-based products, but th en we also started to integrate little by little Amazon Affiliate advertising. There’s a stretch for a while where we couldn’t be an Amazon associate because of the Nexus law which is a whole site arbitrary  â€" that’s been cleared and we’re able to do that as well.So, affiliate marketing and then creating your own products and we weren’t in anything revolutionary. What we did is we noticed that a lot of people were coming to Lindsey and saying: “I want to take better pictures of my food”. It’s kind of, this universal thing whether you pull her out with friends and posting in Instagram or have their own website that they want to post food photos, we want them to look good, right? We’ve all seen those pictures that are really bad color. And it could be the world’s most incredible sandwich but it’s such a bad picture that you’d never want to eat it. I think people understand that.So, we had a lot of people coming to us and saying: “How do I take better food p hotos?”. So the first product that Lindsey ever did, it’s still available on the site actually, is an e-book all around how to take better food photos.Martin: It seems to me that most of your products are related to some kind of educational product. So, when you’re thinking about how to take better pictures or how do I set up my own food blog and grow it in terms of traffic and monetization. The other route would be going to this e-commerce route so really having your own food related products like, I don’t know, fish oil or whatsoever on your shelf and then sell this on a gross margin via your website or via other channels. Why aren’t you going that route? Or it seems, currently, you are not going that route?Bjork: Yes, that’s a great question. I think the number one reason is just ease of implementation. For us, it’s a lot easier to implement the type of products that we have â€" whether food photography or blogging related products than it would be to, let’s say , create a kitchen utensil that we would sell.I think the other reality is the complexity and the competition that’s involved with the straight consumer product is a lot different than in informational or educational solution in that. I think, when people are purchasing an educational product; they’re also purchasing their understanding of who the brand is or who the individual is. So in the case of the food photography eBook, people know that Lindsey has done a really good job with food photography so it makes sense for them to purchase this food photography   eBook, whereas, if it was, let’s say, you know, a cutting board, I think that people will be a little more intentional about comparing and contrasting and looking for other sources and so the competition is just a little bit different.And then the third piece is just the reality that: with the blogging space and building the business online, that’s the one that I just really, really enjoy. And so it’s a really nice complement for Lindsey to work in her area of passion and interest, and then for me to focus on my area of passion and interest and those overlap really well in that we’re each able to serve in this kind of small weird niche of food blogging and food recipes that we’re each able to do what we enjoy working on while still within this niche, even though those are very different things. Like I’m a terrible chef and Lindsey’s incredible and Lindsey hates the idea of like, spending an afternoon on Google Analytics but I love that. So, part of the reason is because it complements our skills and interests really well. I think if I hated all of that stuff, we wouldn’t have informational products around maybe blogging or social media or monetization things like that but I’m super fascinated by that so it makes sense for us to build that out as our focus area.Martin: Cool. Bjork, when you’re thinking about other food bloggers or bloggers in general, some of them acquire like may be ten thousand, one hundred thousand, two hundred thousand monthly uniques after some time but still the thing, one of the major problems that I’ve seen with lots of them are that they aren’t able to build up high converting sales funnels. So, what are you doing in terms building lead magnets, collecting email addresses and then pushing them towards your products in order to monetize them?Bjork: Yes, we could be doing a lot better job at this but I think we’re probably at the top 5% of people in our space. And I think one of the reasons why is because people in the food/recipe content space primarily think about their thing, their product as the post that they publish, which I think in a lot of ways make a lot of sense, right? So it’s the thing that you’re putting out to the world, people come to that, they consume that content and you make money maybe from affiliate marketing, maybe your own product like a cookbook or advertising. But I think there’s a lot of room for improvement for people to be building and intentionally marketing to a certain funnel.A few of the ways that we’re doing that, one of the ways is: we’re using Active Campaign for email marketing. So we’re tracking when somebody signs up to be a part of the email list and maybe that would be optin like the top recipes from the past year or maybe it would be certain â€" a single recipe that they want a PDF of, we can have the option for people to sign up for that. But after they do that sign up, we track and see: “Are people going to pages that have to do with photography and blogging?” And if they do, we tag these people. It’s not an automated funnel, but what we’ll do is occasionally we’ll have some type of sale or bonus or incentive around one of our products and we know that we’re going to be sending a targeted email to those people because of their previous website activity on the blog.I mean, that’s been a really huge win for us. 2016 is really, for us, think ing about how can we do a better job of treating this as a business as opposed to or in addition to putting out content on a consistent basis. How do we take the interactions that we have and really be as intentional as possible in developing those versus just trying to get more and more traffic. So, does that answers your question or can clarify it all about that?Martin: Totally. What type of tools are you currently using or are you looking at when you’re thinking about optimizing your food blog in 2016?Bjork: Sure. Yes, Active Campaign is the big one. So that’s the email service that we use and that’s been a really important implementation for us before we’re in AWeber, MailChimp and we had FeedBurner a long time ago so we had all these different components, we’ve put all those together right now in Active Campaign. So that’s a big one for us.We’re starting to experiment a little bit with SumoMe or optins and haven’t done anything super extensive with that yet, jus t kind of in the early stages with that.And one of the tools that I love to use that I don’t get to as much as I can but I’ve really enjoyed is A/B Testing within Google Analytics. So we’ve run some A/B Tests on our important pages like our food photography page, the home page for Food Blogger Pro, the membership website we did an A/B Test on that was really successful so that’s another one that I enjoyed doing when I have time to get into it.Martin: Cool. And why are you choosing Active Campaign when there are others out there like ConvertKit, MailChimp and so on?Bjork: The one thing I liked about Active Campaign was the ability to tag based on website behavior. To be honest I can’t speak to the other providers, if that’s possible or not. I know where I think with Infusionsoft, it’s possible, I don’t know if it’s possible with ConvertKit, but the idea being that it doesn’t have to be based on like a link click in order to tag somebody, it could be purely based o n website behavior so similar to Google Analytics, Active Campaign can track along with that. Do you know if Convert Kit, the other tools offer that?Martin: Im not aware of that. So I also have the same understanding that with ConvertKit, it’s more like on which lead magnet that somebody downloades.Bjork: Yes, exactly. So, it’ll be like a download that they do or the link that they click with the email and that’s what segments people. One of the things I like about Active Campaign is that you can segment based on a page that’s visited. So for us, we have all of our friends’ food photography pages tagged and the reason that’s so important for us is because those are very different markets â€" somebody gets interested in food photography versus somebody that’s interested in like vegetarian recipes. We don’t want to send an email to people that are interested in vegetarian recipes about food photography, there’s a lot of dissonance with them in that and it will increa se unsubscribes and things like that. So that’s one of the things that we really like with Active Campaign.But to be honest, a huge part of it for us was like, picking something and moving forward. I think one of the things that people do constantly run into is this analysis-paralysis issue where they always feel like they should either be using a service so they’re bouncing around or they compare and contrast for months and months and months when it would’ve been more valuable to pick something and move forward on it.So the big part of it for us was saying: “This looks like it has the things we need and let’s go ahead and move forward on it.”ADVICE TO OTHER BLOGGERS FROM BJORK OSTROMMartin: Great, yeah, cool. One thing I would like to hear from your side is if you’re having this person blogging about this specific topic, what type of mistakes do you often see them doing?Bjork: I think that people spend or place so much of an emphasis on quantity of content over qualit y of content. And I think it’s a balance, it has to be both. The analogy I like to give is this idea of a band, and for a lot of bands, we know them because of two or three songs that they’ve written. And they’ve been really incredible songs and that’s why we know that band because it’s kind of their one hit wonders. And I think that that could be really true for a lot of different blogs in content based businesses.They’ll have a handful of posts maybe 20-30% of the posts that bring in, let’s say 70-80% of the traffic. And the reason that is, is because those posts are really, really high quality posts that are really helpful for people and the thing is, those take a really long time to create. But the, kind of, catch that you get with it is that much like a band, in order to get those one hit wonders, you have to write a lot of quality content, if you’re in the space of writing, right, there’s a lot of types of different content, you can do a podcast, videos, thin gs like that but just using writing because it’s the easiest.So, I think the biggest mistake that I see happening is people pushing out content because they’re able to check the post box, like: “I publish a post, check”. But the reality is that it’s probably better to publish one really good post than two decent posts even if it feels like you’re doing more work. I see that happening a lot: People placing a really high value on quantity over quality.Martin: Cool. When I’m analyzing your traffic, so where are the users coming from, from which type of channels, I see two major channels popping up so one is SEO and the other one is Pinterest. I would’ve assumed that something like picture sharing is quite a big part of the traffic, like Pinterest. What are you doing in order to attract this traffic from Pinterest?Bjork: Yes, so, one of the advantages that we’ve had was just starting early, so that’s a big part of it isâ€" so Lindsey was blogging and you know publish ing recipes and photos around the same when Pinterest really started picking up speed. So part of it is right place, right time.The other part of it is taking really high quality food photos and that’s why you know, go back to an earlier conversation that we’ve had about that earlier topic about food photography it’s such an important piece of this next development of the web like video and photos were so visually oriented that if you’re able to create compelling images or if you’re able to create compelling videos, that’s really going to do a lot to drive interest in your content and traffic to your site.So, as simple as it is, a huge part of it is taking creative and compelling photos and that’s one of the things that Lindsey’s really good at and she’s really intentional with. She’s intentionally slow with that process of making sure she gets the right photo so that’s a really big piece of it which is, it’d be kind of obvious but I think it’s important t o point out.VISION OF PINCH OF YUMMartin: Good. Do you have a vision for Pinch of Yum?Bjork: Yes, so, I think the long term vision for Pinch of Yum is to keep it as a personal site that is attached to Lindsey and for us that’s a really intentional decision because we know that a lot of people would view building a business as something that you build up and eventually at some point you look at it and say: “It makes sense for us to have this be acquired by XYZ.” And in order to do that, you have to remove a lot of your personality from it but we know that Pinch of Yum for us isn’t that. Lindsey wants it to be central to who she is, her personality, she likes being the sole author or primary author at least for the blog so that’s a really big part of it is to continuing to stay personality-driven as opposed to just food and recipe-driven.That being said, knowing that Pinch of Yum has a following, we’re able to use it to launch other things off of. So, for instance we have a project that we’re working on right now called the PlateView and depending on the people currently listening to this, they can see a prelaunch at plateview.com and PlateView is a recipe video application and it’ll be a website eventually. And one of the unfair advantage that we have on working on this platform is that: we have Pinch of Yum with a really big following so Pinch of Yum can stay user-centric but we can use that to help build other assets or businesses off of it.So, long term vision is to really not change that much and to continue to have us and Lindsey be a big part of the blog while at the same time expanding outward and saying: “What are the things that we can build off of Pinch of Yum that maybe don’t require us to be the sole content creators but allow us to leverage what Pinch of Yum has built over the years.”Martin: Totally. Great. Thanks for your time Bjork, I wish you all the best.Bjork: Yeah, thanks so much for having me on.THANKS FOR LISTENING!Tha nks so much for joining our 15th podcast episode!Have some feedback you’d like to share?  Leave  a note in the comment section below! If you enjoyed this episode, please  share  it using the social media buttons you see at the bottom of the post.Also,  please leave an honest review for The Cleverism Podcast on iTunes or on SoundCloud. Ratings and reviews  are  extremely  helpful  and greatly appreciated! They do matter in the rankings of the show, and we read each and every one of them.Special thanks  to Bjork  for joining me this week. Until  next time!

Security Risk Analysis and Assessment Report - 1093 Words

All of the operating system (OS) log files were examined for any suspicious activity. The event logs which were searched were application, security, setup, system, as well as applications and services. According to Sunil Gupta (2013), â€Å"Windows has the ability to generate a detailed audit record of security events on each system. Windows logs events for the two types of security Accounts: Computer and User for their logon and authentication â€Å"(p.21). The application log was searched for errors and events of programs and applications. Security logs were checked for log-ins to the device and the manipulation of files and folders. Setup logs were searched for information on what programs were installed on the device. System logs provided†¦show more content†¦This type of exploitation of web browser technology poses a persistent vulnerability in network security, and for that reason it is important that employees do not become the victim of such an attack. According to Will Dormann and Jason Rafail, â€Å"Not securing your web browser can lead quickly to a variety of computer problems caused by anything from spyware being installed without your knowledge to intruders taking control of your computer† (2008). After this phase of the investigation was completed, the targets were interviewed for their input on why the penetration testers were successful or failed to obtain sensitive information. The risk of a breach due to an insider is something that Cybercom must consider and have measures in place for. Some of the vulnerabilities associated with an insider attach include the setting up of a rogue access point and the use of thumb drives. A rogue WiFi access point setup near an external wall could be used to access the network from outside the facility, and thumb drives can be used to steal data, keeping it in a small, easy to conceal medium. According to Kelly Jackson Higgins, â€Å"The difference with insiders is they can inflict measurable financial, measurable IP, measurable brand and reputation damage -- more so than an outsider can† (2012). Analysis Of the Threats identified, three were deemed to be the most crucial to address;Show MoreRelatedSystem Analysis and Recommendation Report of Natividad Medical Center859 Words   |  3 PagesSystem analysis and recommendation report In this section, I present a system analysis and recommendation report on the Natividad Medical Centers Hospital Computer Information Systems (HCIS) network and its hospital-grade systems infrastructure and technology components. The system analysis report details the findings of the system analysis in the part of system vulnerability/risk assessment as a critical component of the security plan. 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The Ultimate Question - 2520 Words

The Ultimate Questions First, let me start off my paper by giving thanks. I would like to thank you Lord for loving me enough that he thought I was worth saving and worth keeping. He gave his life for mine, if this wasn’t so my presences would not be here. He put in place a Church and its leaders that helped with my feedings of the words of God and as I listened my life began to change. My relationship with him grew personally as well as my spiritually again thank you. Being in this course the History of Ecclesiology and Polity, it has taught me many things about the difference in denominations of the church. In the Pauline letters Paul, who was a minister of Christ Jesus wanted us to know what was the structures and order of the Gentile†¦show more content†¦Paul refers to many church leaders as Thessalonica for their hard work in the Lord. He asks that they hold these leaders in the highest regard in love because of their work (Longenecker, R. N. 2002. p. 84). The overseers are those who serves the church as elders, bishops and deacons, â€Å"So Christ himself gave the apostles, the prophets, the evangelists, the pastors and teachers, to equip his people for works of service, so that the body of Christ may be built up until we all reach unity in the faith and in the knowledge of the Son of God and become mature, attaining to the whole measure of the fullness of Christ† (Ephesians 4:11-13 NIV). There was no absence of organization i n the office of the church. So why are there so many denominations? Here are a few names of some denominations that many have choose to worship with. Some of us attend the Christian Non-denomination, Catholic, Presbyterian, Baptist, Lutheran, Methodist or Wesleyan, Protestant, Pentecostal or Charismatic, and Episcopalian or Anglican, Jehovah’s Witness and Mennonite a few that comes to mind. I am sure that there are more but I cannot think of them at this time. The denomination that has the largest membership size in the United States in today’s churches is the Catholic Churches. The Catholic Church is also part of the Christian Church community that is led by a Pope, the Rome Bishop or

Hot Wire Laboratory Free Essays

THE UNIVERISTY OF MANCHESTER SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL, AEROSPACE AND CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY REPORT INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT VORTEX SHEDDING FROM A CYLINDER DATA ACQUISITION NAME:MANISH PITROLA STUDENT ID:75050320 COURSE:MEng MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DUE DATE:27TH NOVEMBER 2012 1) What are the main advantages and disadvantages of using a hotwire to measure flow velocities? There are many advantages and disadvantages of using a hotwire to measure flow velocities, one of the main advantages is the hotwire produces a continuous analogue output of the velocity at a particular point, and hence information about the velocity can be obtained for any specific time. Another advantage of using a hotwire anemometer is the ability to follow fluctuating velocities to a high accuracy. Also another advantage of using a hotwire anemometer is the sensor is able to relate the voltage and the velocity using hotwire theory. We will write a custom essay sample on Hot Wire Laboratory or any similar topic only for you Order Now However even though hotwire anemometer is an adequate tool to obtain data it has its drawbacks. One disadvantage of using a hotwire is that it has to be calibrated due to the theory not coinciding with actual data and the hotwire can only obtain the magnitude of the flow and not the direction. Another disadvantage of using a hotwire is the unsystematic effects that occur such as contamination and probe vibration. Some systematic effects that affect the data are the ambient temperatures and eddy shedding from the wire. One of the main disadvantages of using a hotwire is the output depends on both velocity and temperature, so when the temperature of a fluid increases the measured velocity obtained are too low and adjustment is required. ) Why is setting the correct sampling rate important in digital data acquisition? What experimental parameters or requirements can be used to establish the optimum sampling rate? What may happen if the wrong sampling rate is used? Using the correct sampling rate is important because if the incorrect sampling rate is used some aliasing effects may occur, presenting insufficient data where important data is ignored if the sampling rate is below the optimum, and if the sampling rate is above the optimum more accurate data is obtained which carries the same trend as the optimum with few distortion which are not required. This can cause inadequacy of the data, where recording is not frequent enough or too frequent. The optimum sampling rate can be established using the Nyquist theory which states that the maximum measures frequency is half the sampling frequency, however the bandwidth of the signal needs to considered, the rule for obtaining the sampling frequency of any probe must be at least 2. 5 times greater than the maximum frequency present. 3) Show how the sampling rate was determined for this experiment. What was the sampling rate? For a flow around a cylinder an empirical relation between the vortex shedding frequency and Reynolds number (Re) is used to find the sampling rate. The relationship below is used to find the frequency in the flow where the Strouhal number is 0. 2, diameter (d) is 15mm and the free stream velocity (U0) is 10m/s. St=fdU0=0. 1981-19. 7Re? 0. 2 Then by simple algebraic rearranging the frequency is found to be 133. 3Hz. Therefore the maximum frequency experienced is 2f = 2*133. 3 = 266. 6Hz. To obtain the optimum sampling frequency we simply by using Nyquist theory multiply the maximum frequency by 2. 5 providing an optimum sampling rate of 666. 5Hz. The values for the sampling rate were taken as 330Hz, 660Hz and 1320Hz for experimental purposes to study the over and under sampling of data. 4) In the experiment the hotwire was calibrated in terms of velocity vs (E-E0)2. Plot out the calibrations for U = B((E-E0)2)n and the various polynomials. Compare the different lines. Which is the best to use? Figure [ 1 ] Figure [ 2 ] Figure [ 3 ] Figure [ 4 ] From the above graphs is can be seen that the best calibration to use is the cubic calibration (figure 2) as this fits the actual velocity line more accurately. 5) If the velocity higher than the ones calibrated foer was measured, which calibration is likely to give the best extrapolated data? Figure [ 5 ] Figure [ 6 ] Figure [ 7 ] Figure [ 8 ] From the above graphs it can be seen that the worse extrapolated data is found using the quartic calibration and the best extrapolated data can be found using the linear calibration of A([V-Vo]^2)^n. Also higher order polynomial extrapolation can produce invalid values and as a result the error will magnify as high order of polynomials are used, so therefore the linear relationship is recommended. 6) In a fast Fourier transform (FFT) the data in the time domain is converted to the equivalent data in the frequency domain. The original data can therefore be considered as the sum of a series of sine waves of regularly spaced frequencies, with different magnitudes and phases. How is the frequency interval in the FFT determined? How can the frequency interval in an FFT be reduced? What impact could this have on an experiment? The frequency interval can be obtained by dividing the sampling rate by the number of samples used. For 660Hz the number of samples is 1024, so therefore the frequency interval is 660/1024 = 0. 6445. The frequency intervals can be reduced by increasing the number of samples used; this is advantageous as it gives a more accurate representation of the original signal. 7) Considering the FFT data, what can be done in an experiment to isolate genuine signals from random fluctuations in the data? Give an example of this in graphical form. Figure [ 9 ] Figure [ 10 ] From figure 9 it can be seen that the peak is unobtainable as the data is very noisy which could be due to disturbances. However this can be overcome by averaging the FFT which allows us to easily identify peaks which can be seen from figure 10. 8) In this experiment, why are 2 frequency peaks seen on the FFT when the hotwire is near the centre line? 2 frequency peaks can be seen on the FFT at the centreline due to the 2 vortices induced by the cylinder but as you move away from the centre line only one of the vortices is predominant. The two peaks occur at 129Hz and 250Hz. 9) With increasing distance from the centreline, how does the FFT distribution change? Include graphs to illustrate this for various locations across the wake. From the below figures it can be seen that as you move away from the centre line the peaks in the FFT distribution disappear. Figure [ 11 ] Figure [ 12 ] Figure [ 13 ] Figure [ 14 ] Figure [ 15 ] Figure [ 16 ] 10) Plot the probability distribution histograms of velocity for various positions across the wake. What does the histogram show and how can the variation in the histograms be explained in terms of the properties of the flow? Figure [ 17 ] Figure [ 18 ] Figure [ 19 ] Figure [ 20 ] Figure [ 21 ] Figure [ 22 ] By comparing the above probability distribution figures it can be seen that with distance away from the centreline the flow velocity develops a more uniform velocity. It can be seen that within the 40mm distance away from the centreline, the probability distribution of the velocity produces wide distribution of velocities; this is due to the various velocities inside the wake and turbulence. For distance more than 40mm away the probability distribution of velocity becomes more uniform, which implies the vortices play no role in affecting the flow at these distances away from the centreline. It can also be seen that the flow speed at these distances increases as the flow diverges and accelerates around the cylinder. 11) Plot a graph showing the variation of mean velocity, RMS velocity and turbulence intensity with distance across the wake. What physical phenomena in the flow are causing the distribution to be the shape they are? What do the results say about the size of the wake compared to the size of the cylinder? Figure [ 23 ] Figure [ 24 ] Figure [ 25 ] The vortices in the flow cause turbulence to occur behind the cylinder which causes the distributions to change. It can be seen from figure 23 that the velocity changes instantaneously as you move away from the centreline, it can also be observed that from 45mm away and more the velocity start to become more uniform and fluctuate around the free stream velocity. From figure 25 and 25 from 45mm and onwards the RMS and RTI decrease. From the above graphs it can be deduced that the size of the wake is 45mm from the centreline or a total width of 90mm, which is 6 times the diameter of the cylinder. 12) What are the major sources of error likely to be in this experiment? Try and give a numerical estimate to the possible error(s) in the data. Some of the likely sources of error that may occur during this experiment are the calibration process as the hotwire was only calibrated at the centreline and as the hotwire was lowered using screw mechanism which it not totally accurate, there was no calibration of the at the new position. Another source of error can be due to pressure fluctuations, and due to the velocity being measured using the pressure differences, these fluctuation can cause the velocity to vary. Another source of error could be the assumption of the flow being 2-d as turbulence is a 3-d. To calculate the error, I used the measured velocity table and the theoretical linear calibration velocity. Taking the average error, the percentage error in the experimental data was 5. 8%. Within a range Can not measure supersonic velocities How to cite Hot Wire Laboratory, Essay examples Hot Wire Laboratory Free Essays THE UNIVERISTY OF MANCHESTER SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL, AEROSPACE AND CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY REPORT INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT VORTEX SHEDDING FROM A CYLINDER DATA ACQUISITION NAME:MANISH PITROLA STUDENT ID:75050320 COURSE:MEng MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DUE DATE:27TH NOVEMBER 2012 1) What are the main advantages and disadvantages of using a hotwire to measure flow velocities? There are many advantages and disadvantages of using a hotwire to measure flow velocities, one of the main advantages is the hotwire produces a continuous analogue output of the velocity at a particular point, and hence information about the velocity can be obtained for any specific time. Another advantage of using a hotwire anemometer is the ability to follow fluctuating velocities to a high accuracy. Also another advantage of using a hotwire anemometer is the sensor is able to relate the voltage and the velocity using hotwire theory. We will write a custom essay sample on Hot Wire Laboratory or any similar topic only for you Order Now However even though hotwire anemometer is an adequate tool to obtain data it has its drawbacks. Read this  Respiratory Activity One disadvantage of using a hotwire is that it has to be calibrated due to the theory not coinciding with actual data and the hotwire can only obtain the magnitude of the flow and not the direction. Another disadvantage of using a hotwire is the unsystematic effects that occur such as contamination and probe vibration. Some systematic effects that affect the data are the ambient temperatures and eddy shedding from the wire. One of the main disadvantages of using a hotwire is the output depends on both velocity and temperature, so when the temperature of a fluid increases the measured velocity obtained are too low and adjustment is required. ) Why is setting the correct sampling rate important in digital data acquisition? What experimental parameters or requirements can be used to establish the optimum sampling rate? What may happen if the wrong sampling rate is used? Using the correct sampling rate is important because if the incorrect sampling rate is used some aliasing effects may occur, presenting insufficient data where important data is ignored if the sampling rate is below the optimum, and if the sampling rate is above the optimum more accurate data is obtained which carries the same trend as the optimum with few distortion which are not required. This can cause inadequacy of the data, where recording is not frequent enough or too frequent. The optimum sampling rate can be established using the Nyquist theory which states that the maximum measures frequency is half the sampling frequency, however the bandwidth of the signal needs to considered, the rule for obtaining the sampling frequency of any probe must be at least 2. 5 times greater than the maximum frequency present. 3) Show how the sampling rate was determined for this experiment. What was the sampling rate? For a flow around a cylinder an empirical relation between the vortex shedding frequency and Reynolds number (Re) is used to find the sampling rate. The relationship below is used to find the frequency in the flow where the Strouhal number is 0. 2, diameter (d) is 15mm and the free stream velocity (U0) is 10m/s. St=fdU0=0. 1981-19. 7Re? 0. 2 Then by simple algebraic rearranging the frequency is found to be 133. 3Hz. Therefore the maximum frequency experienced is 2f = 2*133. 3 = 266. 6Hz. To obtain the optimum sampling frequency we simply by using Nyquist theory multiply the maximum frequency by 2. 5 providing an optimum sampling rate of 666. 5Hz. The values for the sampling rate were taken as 330Hz, 660Hz and 1320Hz for experimental purposes to study the over and under sampling of data. 4) In the experiment the hotwire was calibrated in terms of velocity vs (E-E0)2. Plot out the calibrations for U = B((E-E0)2)n and the various polynomials. Compare the different lines. Which is the best to use? Figure [ 1 ] Figure [ 2 ] Figure [ 3 ] Figure [ 4 ] From the above graphs is can be seen that the best calibration to use is the cubic calibration (figure 2) as this fits the actual velocity line more accurately. 5) If the velocity higher than the ones calibrated foer was measured, which calibration is likely to give the best extrapolated data? Figure [ 5 ] Figure [ 6 ] Figure [ 7 ] Figure [ 8 ] From the above graphs it can be seen that the worse extrapolated data is found using the quartic calibration and the best extrapolated data can be found using the linear calibration of A([V-Vo]^2)^n. Also higher order polynomial extrapolation can produce invalid values and as a result the error will magnify as high order of polynomials are used, so therefore the linear relationship is recommended. 6) In a fast Fourier transform (FFT) the data in the time domain is converted to the equivalent data in the frequency domain. The original data can therefore be considered as the sum of a series of sine waves of regularly spaced frequencies, with different magnitudes and phases. How is the frequency interval in the FFT determined? How can the frequency interval in an FFT be reduced? What impact could this have on an experiment? The frequency interval can be obtained by dividing the sampling rate by the number of samples used. For 660Hz the number of samples is 1024, so therefore the frequency interval is 660/1024 = 0. 6445. The frequency intervals can be reduced by increasing the number of samples used; this is advantageous as it gives a more accurate representation of the original signal. 7) Considering the FFT data, what can be done in an experiment to isolate genuine signals from random fluctuations in the data? Give an example of this in graphical form. Figure [ 9 ] Figure [ 10 ] From figure 9 it can be seen that the peak is unobtainable as the data is very noisy which could be due to disturbances. However this can be overcome by averaging the FFT which allows us to easily identify peaks which can be seen from figure 10. 8) In this experiment, why are 2 frequency peaks seen on the FFT when the hotwire is near the centre line? 2 frequency peaks can be seen on the FFT at the centreline due to the 2 vortices induced by the cylinder but as you move away from the centre line only one of the vortices is predominant. The two peaks occur at 129Hz and 250Hz. 9) With increasing distance from the centreline, how does the FFT distribution change? Include graphs to illustrate this for various locations across the wake. From the below figures it can be seen that as you move away from the centre line the peaks in the FFT distribution disappear. Figure [ 11 ] Figure [ 12 ] Figure [ 13 ] Figure [ 14 ] Figure [ 15 ] Figure [ 16 ] 10) Plot the probability distribution histograms of velocity for various positions across the wake. What does the histogram show and how can the variation in the histograms be explained in terms of the properties of the flow? Figure [ 17 ] Figure [ 18 ] Figure [ 19 ] Figure [ 20 ] Figure [ 21 ] Figure [ 22 ] By comparing the above probability distribution figures it can be seen that with distance away from the centreline the flow velocity develops a more uniform velocity. It can be seen that within the 40mm distance away from the centreline, the probability distribution of the velocity produces wide distribution of velocities; this is due to the various velocities inside the wake and turbulence. For distance more than 40mm away the probability distribution of velocity becomes more uniform, which implies the vortices play no role in affecting the flow at these distances away from the centreline. It can also be seen that the flow speed at these distances increases as the flow diverges and accelerates around the cylinder. 11) Plot a graph showing the variation of mean velocity, RMS velocity and turbulence intensity with distance across the wake. What physical phenomena in the flow are causing the distribution to be the shape they are? What do the results say about the size of the wake compared to the size of the cylinder? Figure [ 23 ] Figure [ 24 ] Figure [ 25 ] The vortices in the flow cause turbulence to occur behind the cylinder which causes the distributions to change. It can be seen from figure 23 that the velocity changes instantaneously as you move away from the centreline, it can also be observed that from 45mm away and more the velocity start to become more uniform and fluctuate around the free stream velocity. From figure 25 and 25 from 45mm and onwards the RMS and RTI decrease. From the above graphs it can be deduced that the size of the wake is 45mm from the centreline or a total width of 90mm, which is 6 times the diameter of the cylinder. 12) What are the major sources of error likely to be in this experiment? Try and give a numerical estimate to the possible error(s) in the data. Some of the likely sources of error that may occur during this experiment are the calibration process as the hotwire was only calibrated at the centreline and as the hotwire was lowered using screw mechanism which it not totally accurate, there was no calibration of the at the new position. Another source of error can be due to pressure fluctuations, and due to the velocity being measured using the pressure differences, these fluctuation can cause the velocity to vary. Another source of error could be the assumption of the flow being 2-d as turbulence is a 3-d. To calculate the error, I used the measured velocity table and the theoretical linear calibration velocity. Taking the average error, the percentage error in the experimental data was 5. 8%. Within a range Can not measure supersonic velocities How to cite Hot Wire Laboratory, Papers

Julius Caesar Essay Thesis Example For Students

Julius Caesar Essay Thesis In Shakespeares Julius Caesar, Decius Brutus and Mark Antony, both Roman Senators, eulogize Julius Caesar, each using a different technique and approach. Brutus, in a somewhat arrogant, to the point, eulogy, attempts to sway the people. He justifies conspiring against Caesar by stating that Caesars ambition would have hurt Rome. However, in Antonys eulogy, he focuses on Caesars positive traits, and cunningly disproves Brutus justification for killing Caesar. The fickle Romans waver between leaders, responding emotionally, rather than intellectually, to the orators. Brutus seeks to explain why he conspired against Caesar. He begins his speech with Romans, countrymen ,appealing to their consciousness as citizens of Rome, who, he later says, will benefit as freeman with Caesars death. This shows that Brutus knows how to lure the crowd, appealing to their better judgement as Romans. He declares that he is an honorable man, and tells them that he will let them judge the validity of his claims. That is, he will allow the truth to speak for itself. This encourages the crowd to believe him, as an honorable man. He says that he wants them to know the facts; Censure me in your wisdom, and awake your senses that you may the better judge.Sharing information with the people is flattering and it almost guarantees acceptance. He gets their sympathy by saying that he loved Caesar, daring the people to find anyone who loved Caesar more. Brutus declares that he never wronged Caesar, that he cried for Caesars love, was happy for his greatness, honored him for his courage, but had to kill him because of Caesars ambition. He says that the reason for killing Caesar was his great love for Rome. He justifies his actions by saying that he loved Caesar but, Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more.He then asks rhetorically if the people would want to live their lives as slaves under Caesars rule or would they prefer to live as freemen with Caesar dead.To anyone insulted by his speech he wonders if, as Romans who love their freedom, they could be offended or reject what he, Brutus, says.He poses the question, Who is here so base that would be a bondman? He stresses the point, repeating the line, If any, speak, for him have I offended.I pause for a reply., allows them to respond to his rhetorical questions, giving them an even greater sense that he cares about them and their opinions. They can only respond, None, Brutus, none.That is, none are offended, they do not disagree or argue with his words or his actions. Mark Antonys eulogy utilizes a different approach. He starts out by addressing the crowd as Friends because he wants to come to them as a friend rather than a ruler trying to gain power.He then says, I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him., thus he can ease in praises of Caesar without the crowd stopping him. He sounds very sincere when he says, The noble Brutus hath told you Caesar was ambitious. For Brutus is an honorable man. He repeats that statement three more times becoming increasingly sarcastic, saying finally, Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, and sure he was an honorable man. Since the people responded positively to Brutus speech, Antony could not insult Brutus honesty in a direct manner. Yet, Antony disproves Caesars ambition with three examples. One is when he gave the ransom of captives to the public treasury and not his own, another when he cried with the poor people, and finally when he refused the kingship that Antony offered him, three times. Anyone who was ambitio us would never have done any such things. Antony says, I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke. , but that is exactly what he does. Antony is using a dramatic effect on the people, first by entering on the stage with the body of Caesar, and at the end stating that his heart is still with the body of Caesar, ending his speech weeping. In justifying Caesar and disproving Brutus, the people see Antony as a potential successor to Caesar. They are swayed to him by his dramatics, his underhanded way of making a point, his repetition, and compelling proof of Caesars concern.He is able to get the people to question the rightness of killing Caesar. He has planted doubt in the peoples minds, in all areas except that he, Antony, is, poor soul, an honorable. .ud3bf30da1c24a3532de0a0a15035dc6b , .ud3bf30da1c24a3532de0a0a15035dc6b .postImageUrl , .ud3bf30da1c24a3532de0a0a15035dc6b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud3bf30da1c24a3532de0a0a15035dc6b , .ud3bf30da1c24a3532de0a0a15035dc6b:hover , .ud3bf30da1c24a3532de0a0a15035dc6b:visited , .ud3bf30da1c24a3532de0a0a15035dc6b:active { border:0!important; } .ud3bf30da1c24a3532de0a0a15035dc6b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud3bf30da1c24a3532de0a0a15035dc6b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud3bf30da1c24a3532de0a0a15035dc6b:active , .ud3bf30da1c24a3532de0a0a15035dc6b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud3bf30da1c24a3532de0a0a15035dc6b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud3bf30da1c24a3532de0a0a15035dc6b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud3bf30da1c24a3532de0a0a15035dc6b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud3bf30da1c24a3532de0a0a15035dc6b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud3bf30da1c24a3532de0a0a15035dc6b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud3bf30da1c24a3532de0a0a15035dc6b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud3bf30da1c24a3532de0a0a15035dc6b .ud3bf30da1c24a3532de0a0a15035dc6b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud3bf30da1c24a3532de0a0a15035dc6b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: PATRIOTISM EssayThe difference between the eulogies shows us the importance of style of speech. Both try to appeal to the people, and both use repetition, but Brutus takes a defensive approach, leaving the people to their own conclusions. However, Antony takes a prosecuting approach against Brutus, so sneaky that it is almost subliminal. Furthermore, Antonys examples give him an advantage over Brutus because he backs up statements while Brutus leaves his statements more open-ended. The people seem to find it easier to accept Antony, an emotional and sincere speaker, than Brutus who appears arrogant and forceful. Bibliography: